Kalibangan

Kalibangān is a town located at 29.47°N 74.13°E﻿ / 29.47; 74.13 on the left or southern banks of the Ghaggar (Ghaggar-Hakra River) in Tehsil Pilibangān, between Suratgarh and Hanumangarh in Hanumangarh District, Rajasthan, India 205 km. from Bikaner. It is also identified as being established in the triangle of land at the confluence of Drishadvati and Sarasvati Rivers. The prehistoric and pre-Mauryan character of Indus Valley Civilisation was first identified by Luigi Tessitori at this site.

Quotes

 * Kalibangan . . . is strategically located at the confluence of the Sarasvatī and Drishadvatī Rivers and must have played a major role as a way station and monitor of the overland communications of the Harappan peoples.
 * Gregory Possehl quoted in Danino, M. (2010). The lost river : on the trail of the Sarasvatī. Penguin Books India.

March–June 2016 issue, pp. 55–69
 * The study offered 'the first stratigraphic evidence that a palaeochannel exists in the sub-surface alluvium in the Ghaggar valley. The fact that the major urban sites of Kalibangan and Kunal lie adjacent to the newly discovered subsurfacefluvial channel body ... suggests that there may be a spatial relationship between the Ghaggar-Hakrapalaeochannel and Harappan site distribution' (Sinha et al., 2013).
 * Sinha, Rajiv, G.S. Yadav, Sanjeev Gupta, Ajit Singh, S.K. Lahiri, 'Geo-electric resistivity evidence for subsurface palaeochannel systems adjacent to Harappan sites in northwest India', Quaternary International, vols 308–309, 2 October 2013, pp. 66–75.
 * quoted in From Sarasvati to Ganga – Michel Danino,SandHI,2015 also in The Riddle of the Sarasvati River, Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN 0030-5324, Vol. 65, Nos. 1–4, September–December 2015 and

March–June 2016 issue, pp. 55–69
 * Such a conclusion had been reached by archaeologists long ago, since Kalibangan, for instance, shows no evidence of independent water supply; unlike Mohenjo- daro, it had very few wells, and unlike Dholavira, no reservoirs, yet it was continually occupied for several centuries: for its water supply through the year, it must therefore have depended on the Sarasvati, on whose left bank it lay, with entries into its fortified enclosures facing the riverbed.
 * From Sarasvati to Ganga – Michel Danino,SandHI,2015, also in The Riddle of the Sarasvati River, Journal of the Oriental Institute, ISSN 0030-5324, Vol. 65, Nos. 1–4, September–December 2015 and