Measles

Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by measles virus. Initial symptoms typically include fever, often greater than 40 C, cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Small white spots known as Koplik's spots may form inside the mouth two or three days after the start of symptoms. A red, flat rash which usually starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body typically begins three to five days after the start of symptoms.

Quotes

 * Of the density-dependent diseases, measles requires a population of about half a million to become endemic, and the others probably less; in other words, while no city in Greece could support smallpox, it could certainly have become established in Rome.


 * “Pretty much name any country and you will find measles there,” says Robb Linkins, a measles specialist in the global immunization division at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, and chair of the Measles & Rubella Initiative, a partnership of five organizations.
 * Leslie Roberts quoting Robb Linkins in “Why measles deaths are surging — and coronavirus could make it worse”, Nature, (07 April 2020; clarification 09 April 2020), 580, pp.446-447


 * Steve Cochi, a paediatrician and senior adviser to the CDC’s global-immunization division, is especially frustrated by measles’s global toll, because from a biological and technical standpoint, he says, the disease could be eradicated. Unlike Ebola, yellow fever or (probably) the new coronavirus, it has no animal host, and a cheap and effective vaccine exists.
 * Leslie Roberts quoting Steve Cochi in “Why measles deaths are surging — and coronavirus could make it worse”, Nature, (07 April 2020; clarification 09 April 2020), 580, pp.446-447


 * In 2010, the WHO’s key Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) declared that measles can and should be eradicated, but it stopped short of recommending a target date. Since then, advocates have been lobbying the WHO to launch a global measles-eradication campaign and set a date for completion, as it did for smallpox and polio. At a meeting last October, however, SAGE recommended a different tack: instead of setting eradication deadlines that would be difficult to meet, the group advised waiting until success is actually in sight — say, 5 years away — before pushing full-bore to wipe out the disease. Doing so would require boosting rates of routine immunization with two doses of measles vaccine to a level never achieved before. The DRC is one of about 20 countries that have yet to add the second dose to its regime. And even that wouldn’t be enough. Eradication would also depend on improving the quality of mass campaigns and bringing in an easier-to-use vaccine. Those goals are very far away, measles experts say.
 * Leslie Roberts quoting Robb Linkins in “Why measles deaths are surging — and coronavirus could make it worse”, Nature, (07 April 2020; clarification 09 April 2020), 580, pp.446-447


 * Measles is a density-dependent disease that requires a population of about 300,000 to maintain itself and was unknown in many rural areas of the world until they were “invaded” by town dwellers.